Overview: With step-by-step protocols, it introduces methods to initiate tissue culture from invertebrates including, Polifera, Coelenterata, Plathelminthes, Nematoda, Annedlia, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and ProI started insect cell culture work in 1962, when T. D. C. Grace reported the first establishment of invertebrate continuous cell lines. He obtained grow ing cells from pupal ovaries of the emperor gum moth, Antheraea euca lypti. At that time, I was trying to obtain growing cells from leafhoppers. Grace‘s method could not be applied directly to my culture because of the differences in s
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