Overview: Once urology was established as a medical specialty, the initial anatomic-morpho logical point of view was soon supplemented by functional considerations and diagnostic procedures, thanks to the introduction of the cystoscope (NrTzE, 1877) and retrograde pyelography (VOELCKER, ]OSEPH and VON LrCHTENBERG, 1903). Intravenous urography (VOLKMANN, 1924; VON LrCHTENBERG, PFLAUMER and SWICK, 1929) lent roentgen examinations a more functional aspect. The word "urodynamics" refers to the functional approach to the urinary trac- from the renal pelvis and calyces, the ureter and bladder down
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