Titlebook: I Domain Integrins; Donald Gullberg Book 2014 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature

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,α2β1 Integrin,. It is now recognized that the α2β1 integrin serves as a receptor for many matrix and nonmatrix molecules [., ., .]. Extensive analyses have clearly elucidated the α2 I domain structural motifs required for ligand binding, and also defined distinct conformations that lead to inactive, partially act

Basilar-Artery

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contrast-medium

Regulation of Integrin Activity by Phosphorylation,cells, and need activation to become adhesive. Although much is known about their structure, and a large number of interacting molecules have been described, we still only partially understand how their activities are regulated. In this review we focus on the leukocyte-specific β2—integrins and, spe

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Structural Aspects of Integrins,integrins in open and closed conformations, 6 α-I domains in complex with ligands, and at least 20 intracellular proteins in complex with cytosolic tails have been obtained; and several transmembrane and cytosolic complexes have been determined by NMR. High resolution EM studies complement these ato

Mawkish

Integrin Recognition Motifs in the Human Collagens,which have been shown to recognise a series of similar sequences. These contain Gxx′GEx′′motifs (where x is a hydrophobic residue, x′ is usually O (hydroxyproline) and x′′ is often R). Here, we review the variations within such sequences that support integrin reactivity, and their distribution acros

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Cellular Signaling by Collagen-Binding Integrins,s have been analyzed in many experimental models, whereas less studies are available about the more recently found α10β1 and α11β1 heterodimers. Interestingly, collagen binding by α1β1 and α2β1 often generates opposite cellular responses. For example α1β1 has often been reported to promote cell prol

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output and multiple-input, multiple-output blind equalizatio.The absence of training signals from many kinds of transmission necessitates the widespread use of blind equalization and system identification. There have been many algorithms developed for these purposes, working with one- or two-dimensi