Titlebook: Heart rate as a determinant of cardiac function; Basic mechanisms and G. Hasenfuss,H. Just Conference proceedings 2000 Steinkopff Verlag Da

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Force-frequency relations in nonfailing and failing animal myocardiumnature of these relations, which are induced by 2 opposite phenomena, the potentiation of force of contraction by heart rate and the restitution process, the paper reviews first the force-frequency relations in isolated failing myocardium. This is followed by a review of recent data obtained in the

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Effects of cytokines and nitric oxide on myocardial E-C couplingility. The mechanism(s) responsible for the inotropic and chronotropic effects of these novel mediators can be explained on the basis of recently established principles of myocardial excitation contraction coupling (E-C). A novel hypothesis is proposed that cytokines and NO-mediated alterations in E