Titlebook: Eighteenth Century Europe, 1700-89; Jeremy Black Textbook 1990Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1990 eighteenth century.enlighte

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Armies and Warfare,stic an image of war as the triumphal celebrations, mingling thanks to God and man, that greeted victory, celebrations in which many losers found it expedient to share. If for most people the state was more peripheral than the harvest or the demographic wars with disease, none the less the most sign

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Epilogue, births that year by 55 per cent, in part due to an epidemic of measles. Despite immigration from rural areas the town’s population had fallen. Its foundling hospital received over 500 children, presumably because their parents had died or could not cope with them. The government was similarly confr

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93471-6ot therefore surprising that statements advanced with reference to prominent thinkers in France are inappropriate for Italy and Scotland, Russia and the Empire. However, even in France the views of those generally classed as Enlightened were far from uniform.

Proponent

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-13569-2–1727) were resisted in some intellectual circles, particularly in France where the influence of the ideas of Descartes (1596–1650) was very strong. The new science was ignored by much of the population, and the new cosmology was not accepted by all.

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Enlightenment,ot therefore surprising that statements advanced with reference to prominent thinkers in France are inappropriate for Italy and Scotland, Russia and the Empire. However, even in France the views of those generally classed as Enlightened were far from uniform.

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Science and Medicine,–1727) were resisted in some intellectual circles, particularly in France where the influence of the ideas of Descartes (1596–1650) was very strong. The new science was ignored by much of the population, and the new cosmology was not accepted by all.

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altruism

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-30014-5. Economic productivity was low, there was little substitute for manual labour and the value accrued through most labour was limited. Most of the population neither controlled nor produced much wealth.