Titlebook: Cilia; Methods and Protocol Peter Satir,Søren Tvorup Christensen Book 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 intraflagellar tra

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90375-0he identification of a vast number of candidate ciliary or centrosomal proteins, whose subcellular localization needs to be investigated and validated. Here, we describe a simple and inexpensive method for analyzing the subcellular localization of candidate cilium- or centrosome-associated proteins,

Occlusion

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Reformpotenzial von Regierungssystemen,autophagy activity can be monitored by a variety of biochemical and functional assays that should be used in combination. Recently, it has been described that signaling from the primary cilium modulates autophagy. This novel and reciprocal interaction will impact diverse aspects of the cell biology

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fatuity

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90375-0anelle. Proteins move into and inside cilia by diffusion and by motor-based intraflagellar transport (IFT). Many aspects of ciliary protein transport such as the distribution of unloading sites and the frequency of transport can be analyzed using direct in vivo imaging of fluorescently tagged protei

Clumsy

Postkommunistische Regierungssystemvarianz,ime and effective vectorial transport to the cilium is essential for the maintenance of the photoreceptor cell function. Defects in molecules of transport modules lead to severe retinal ciliopathies. We have recently established a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)-based method to mon

tolerance

Postkommunistische Regierungssystemvarianz, of a single anterograde IFT motor, heterotrimeric kinesin-II, is required to generate two identical motile flagella. The function of this canonical anterograde IFT motor is conserved among all eukaryotes, yet multicellular organisms can generate cilia of diverse structures and functions, ranging fr

induct

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11278-5ght organizer (LRO). Perception of cilia-directed flow triggers a calcium signaling cascade which originates within the cilium itself and then is relayed into the surrounding mesendodermal tissue, thereby directing organ situs via the nodal pathway. Two types of cilia, motile and immotile, function

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11278-5emoresponse..Unicellular organisms like the ciliated protozoan . sense and respond to chemicals in their environment (Van Houten, Ann Rev Physiol 54:639–663, 1992; Van Houten, Trends Neurosci 17:62–71, 1994). A thousand or more cilia that cover . cells serve as antennae for chemical signals, similar

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