Titlebook: An Introduction to Toxicology; Philip C. Burcham Textbook 2014 Springer-Verlag London 2014 Apoptosis.carcinogen.epidemiology.organ.tobacco

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3712-9eeded for the types of substances that are of concern to toxicologists, this chapter explores linguistic nuances surrounding such words as poison, toxin, xenobiotic, endobiotic and toxicant. Next, the complications that can accompany study of toxicity due to differences in the duration of chemical e

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Zwischen Arbeitsamt und Ehrenamt processes dictate the ‘toxicokinetic fate’ of a xenobiotic – describing how it penetrates cell barriers to enter tissues (i.e. absorption), whether it is dispersed to particular organs and tissue compartments (distribution), how it undergoes chemical transformation within the liver (metabolism) and

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Hubert Heinelt,Carl-Wilhelm Macke upon thousands of metabolites, genes, proteins and interconnected signalling networks – is a central concern in modern toxicology. While toxicologists were long restricted to observational descriptions of morphological changes in dying cells, modern developments in chemistry and molecular biology o

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Die Entzauberung der Berliner Sozialpolitikperienced a dramatic loss of effectiveness, with higher and higher doses required to elicit the original drug response. This capacity for physical tolerance alerted researchers to the phenomenon of enzyme induction: upon sustained exposure, the liver and other tissues simultaneously boost the expres

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37094-6in a mother’s blood. In subsequent decades, knowledge of the risks accompanying exposure to developmental toxicants increased substantially. According to long-standing observations, substances that harm the unborn typically produce a combination of three toxic outcomes, namely, growth retardation, e

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Rainer Peter Meyer,Fabrizio Moro,Beat Simmenses possessing unstable genomes and aggressive tendencies to invade local tissue or metastasise to remote sites. Since the accumulation of mutations in critical genes typically underpins these harmful capabilities, modern toxicology devotes much effort to identifying chemicals that cause mutations.

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Second Opinion bei Instabilitätsomarthrose systems. The resulting health disorders are classified according to whether they are ‘partly’ or ‘wholly’ attributable to alcohol. The former include hypertension and breast cancer, while those in the latter category, which typically attract most toxicological attention, include alcoholic liver dis

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Second Opinion bei Instabilitätsomarthrosehealth disorders accompany this habit including various cancers plus noncancer conditions such as emphysema. The smoke constituents causing lung injury have received much attention, with special interest focussed on carcinogens that drive the induction and progression of lung cancer. Major carcinoge