Titlebook: Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control; Edouard Kurstak,R. G. Marusyk,M. H. V. Regenmortel Book 1990 Springer Science+Business Media

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Virus Variation and the Epidemiology and Control of Rhinovirusesus at the biologic level, as it interacts with the host and environment, produces disease, and provides an immune response. We have not reached that point yet, but there is interesting and encouraging progress to report.

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Antigenic and Genetic Variation of Influenza A(H1N1) Viruseshe north and south in November of that year and spread across the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere during the following winter. Simultaneously, the virus appeared in tropical zones and spread early in the Southern Hemisphere winter season to temperate countries in the south Pacific and south Atlantic zones (Fig. 1).

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromeative of its uniqueness among the human and animal retroviruses (Wong-Staal and Gallo, 1985). Its transmission is exclusively by sexual contact, prenatal transmission, or inoculation of infected blood/blood products, rather than casual contact (Friedland and Klein, 1987).

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Visna Virus Genomeonia virus (OPPV), and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) (Thormar and Palsson, 1967; Kennedy .., 1968; Cutlip and Laird, 1976; Crawford .., 1980; Haase, 1975, 1986; Gonda, 1988; Gonda .., 1989).

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Escape of Lentiviruses from Immune Surveillancecausing unique disease syndromes in each host species. However, the members of the lentivirus group share a remarkable number of biologic, morphologic, and structural features which define this subfamily of viruses (Narayan and Clements, 1987; Haase, 1986).

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In Vivo and In Vitro Selection of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus VariantsA genome (Chin .., 1985; Gonda .., 1985; Rushlow .., 1986). In addition, lentiviruses are tropic for cells of the macrophage/monocyte lineage, and viral replication in these cell types is thought to play an important role in some aspects of lentiviral pathogenesis (Gendelman .., 1985, 1986; Gartner .., 1986; Narayan .., 1982, 1983).

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Introductiontation rate and variability of viruses (Kurstak .., 1984, 1987). The new human immunodeficiency retroviruses and old influenza viruses are only one among several examples of virus variation that prevent, or make very difficult, the production of reliable vaccines. It could be stated that the most im

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Genetic Variation in Retrovirusesation, yet within this common framework they display an unparalleled diversity of biologic effects on their host. On a large scale, retroviruses have evolved to occupy a wide variety of distinct lifestyles—ranging from a completely benign transposable elementlike association with host germline that