Titlebook: Stalinism and Soviet Rail Transport, 1928–41; E. A. Rees Book 1995 E. A. Rees 1995 Russia.Soviet Union.Stalin.transport.transport policy.U

神秘

Cougar

c cell: A drop of the initial polymer solution spreads onto a cooled water surface, and the water vapour interacts with the resulting polymer thin film. Following the self-organization process of precipitating droplets of the water vapour on the polymer layer, pulling the latter to the water droplet

聪明

Introduction,th its own discipline and rhythms, was seen as the key which could unlock economic, social and cultural development. If the wooden plough symbolised the peasant past the locomotive symbolised the industrial, scientific-technological future. For Stalin it was the rail network which held the USSR toge

背叛者

,The Years of Forced Development, 1928–30, development of the economy, but focused primarily on heavy industry and agriculture. The modernisation of the railway system to meet the expanding needs of the economy and the defence requirements of the country occupied a vital but secondary role. The plan for the railways has to be seen against t

Mendicant

The Transport Crisis, 1931,ects of transport within one commissariat was re-examined. The strained relations between the USSR and Japan dramatised the central importance of the railways’ defence role. In 1931, the first year of the calendar plan, saw attempts to resolve the long-running dispute regarding the reconstruction of

Nonflammable

,Rail Transport under Strain, 1932–33,ognised. Policy implementation, however, was severely constrained by the lack of resources. At the same time the pressure to increase the freight carried by the railways remained unrestrained. As a consequence 1932–33 marked a period of continuing strain and periodic crisis in Soviet rail transport.

充气球

Steady Recovery and Future Prospects, 1934, decrees instituted by the party and government in 1933 to improve efficiency and strengthen control provided no immediate solution. In 1934 the drafting and approval of the Second Five Year Plan provided a focus for reappraising rail transport policy. The XVII Party Congress provided an opportunity

共同确定为确

goodwill

The Watershed Year, 1936,KPS received more favourable treatment as regards investment, the targets of performance were inexorably forced upwards. Within the commissariat the determination of railways policy was bound up with the continuing struggle against the ‘limiters’, the growth of the Stakhanovite-Krivonosite movement,

到婚嫁年龄

The Year of the Purge, 1937,e drift towards mass repression was clearly evident from August 1936 onwards. Here we are concerned with the initiation of the purge on the railways, and its subsequent development. The purge of NKPS is at the same time set in its wider context, examining the actual performance of the railways in th