Titlebook: Specialization and Complementation of Humoral Immune Responses to Infection; Tim Manser Book 2008 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Au

焦虑

The Multifunctional Role of Antibodies in the Protective Response to Bacterial T Cell-Independent Ajugated to proteins, the characteristics of the immune response are similar to that of the protein rather than the polysaccharide. These characteristics would induce an anti-polysaccharide response even in the pediatric population, which was heretofore unable to mount protective responses to the pol

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Ventilator

grenade

Secretory Immunity Following Mutans Streptococcal Infection or Immunization,ively or passively provide the immune reagent. Limited clinical trials have supported the utility of both of these approaches in humans. Refinements in antigen formulation, delivery vehicles, enhancing agents and routes of application, coupled with approaches that are timed to intercept most vulnera

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Book 2008tringent phenotypic selection (Berek 1992; Kelsoe 1995). Emerging from this pathway are memory B cells and long-lived antibody-forming cells that express antigen receptors and secrete antibodies, respectively, with increased affinity and specificity for the foreign antigen. Taken together, these fin

Frequency

Pattern Recognition by B Cells: The Role of Antigen Repetitiveness Versus Toll-Like Receptors,the B cell receptor (BCR), leading to an increased humoral response and a decreased dependence on T cell help. Viruses also trigger Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which in addition to increasing overall Ig levels, drive the switch to the IgG2a isotype. This isotype is more efficient in viral and bacter

Neutropenia

DOSE

B Cell Lineage Contributions to Antiviral Host Responses,ularly in the isolation and characterization of B cell subsets by multicolor flow cytometry, have demonstrated the multifaceted nature of pathogen-induced B cell responses. In addition to participation by the major follicular B cell population, three B cell subsets are now recognized as key contribu

Working-Memory

The Important and Diverse Roles of Antibodies in the Host Response to , Infections,role of various B cell subsets in the host response to ., complement-independent, bactericidal antibodies, and diagnostics led to this review that focuses on the array of functions that antibodies to . can perform.

Clumsy

A Distinct Role for B1b Lymphocytes in T Cell-Independent Immunity,e most effective means to control infectious diseases. A hallmark of the adaptive immune system is the generation of B cell memory, which provides a long-lasting protective antibody response that is central to the concept of vaccination. Recent studies revealed a distinct function for B1b lymphocyte