Titlebook: Regulatory Toxicology; Franz-Xaver Reichl,Michael Schwenk Reference work 2021Latest edition Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 environmen

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Examination of Acute and Repeated-Dose Toxicityerve the purpose of hazard identification for the classification and labelling of substances or mixtures. Repeated-dose toxicity studies using subacute, subchronic, or chronic exposure durations are used for hazard characterization. Such studies deliver the point of departure for setting health-base

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Specific Toxicity Tests for Neurotoxicity, Immunotoxicity, Allergy, Irritation, Reprotoxicity, and Co other test methods such as testing for possible immunotoxic or neurotoxic properties of a substance. Special, usually internationally applicable, test guidelines form the regulatory basis for the test methods, which apply to chemicals, crop protection products, and medicinal products.

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Toxicity Testing In Vitro: Regulatory Aspects are now used for the early toxicological assessment of new substances within the context of screening tests and for mechanistic investigations. In this respect, in vitro methods represent a valuable adjunct to animal studies, without being able to replace animal studies completely at the present ti

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Integration of Advanced Technologies into Regulatory Toxicology(Tox21) vision proposed by the US National Research Council NRC to reduce and replace traditional safety testing in animals by more predictive toxicity data generated with human cell tissues and organs. New the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept allows to integrate non-animal data with existing k

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Toxicokinetic Testsoxicokinetic tests are essential for judging absorption, bioavailability, and bioefficacy across routes, regimens, and species. In case substances are administered by inhalation, it provides a means to identify substance accumulation and clearance in the lung. Also in other subdisciplines such as or