Titlebook: Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry; Jason S. Lewis,Albert D. Windhorst,Brian M. Zeglis Book 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 radiopharm

解冻

Immunoglobulins as Radiopharmaceutical Vectorsof target-specific protein-based drugs was opened. Since then, numerous immunoglobulins and a few dozen radioimmunoconjugates have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). In this chapter, we will discuss the array of natural and engineer

epinephrine

天真

没有贫穷

Eosinophils

The Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry of Nitrogen-13 and Oxygen-15e of .C has increased significantly since the 1990s due to the proliferation of biomedical cyclotrons and the radiochemical possibilities of radiopharmaceuticals that can be directly produced in the cyclotron target. The application of other short-lived positron emitters—including nitrogen-13 (.N; t

RACE

The Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry of the Radionuclides of Gallium and Indiumscintigraphy, SPECT, PET and targeted radiotherapy. Indium-111 and gallium-67 are gamma-emitting radionuclides with long half-lives (67.3 h and 78.3 h, respectively), while gallium-68 is a positron-emitting radionuclide with a very short half-life (68 min). All three radiometals can be conjugated to

发电机

The Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry of Fluorine-18: Nucleophilic Fluorinationsable nuclear decay properties. Depending on the production method, .F can be obtained in two different chemical forms: electrophilic [.F]fluorine gas and nucleophilic [.F]fluoride. Nucleophilic [.F]fluoride exhibits several advantages with respect to accessibility and chemical handling. Therefore, n

tenuous

The Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry of Fluorine-18: Electrophilic Fluorinationsuticals, including 2-[.F]fluorodeoxyglucose (2-[.F]FDG) and 6-[.F]fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (6-[.F]F-DOPA). Despite recent advances in conventional electrophilic fluorination chemistry with .F, several technical challenges associated with fluorine-18 have limited the application of these

不利

The Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry of Fluorine-18: Next-Generation Fluorinations for the .F-fluorination of heteroatoms and (2) methods for the transition metal-mediated .F-fluorination of aromatic and allylic carbons. Fluorine forms bonds with several group 13–15 elements, including carbon (obviously), boron, nitrogen, aluminum, silicon, and phosphorous. For example, [.F]fluor

追逐

Nanoparticles as Radiopharmaceutical Vectorsciency, developing robust methods for both the encapsulation/integration of radionuclides and the conjugation of targeting ligands, achieving favorable safety profiles, and overcoming regulatory concerns. When nanoparticles are able to overcome these roadblocks, they have the chance to become integral tools in the landscape of nuclear medicine.