Titlebook: Maternal Drug Use and Infant Congenital Malformations; Bengt Källén Book 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 birth defects.teratogeni

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Background,of ascertainment of congenital malformations and of drug exposure are described, the problem of confounding and of mass significance. A detailed description of the system used when analyzing the Swedish health registers with its positive and negative aspects is given.

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Maternal Use of Anticoagulants or Hemostatic Drugs and Infant Congenital Malformations,l use of either anticoagulants or hemostatic drugs and a relatively severe malformation, notably a cardiovascular defect, in the offspring. This association is probably the result of a confounding by indication: a coagulopathy or a bleeding disorder.

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Maternal Use of Drugs for Cardiovascular Diseases and Infant Congenital Malformations,arly pregnancy. There seems to be no certain difference between drugs with different mechanisms of action in this association and an increased risk is also seen in infants of women with a diagnosis of hypertension but without any reported use of anti-hypertensive drugs. It seems likely that the effe

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Maternal Use of Dermatologic Drugs and Infant Congenital Malformations,nlikely which is supported by new data for some of the most commonly used such drugs, e.g., topical corticosteroids. Topically used retinoids (e.g., tretinoin) should be avoided during pregnancy but presently available data do not suggest a marked teratogenic risk. Systemic use of retinoids (notably