Titlebook: Low Dose Exposures in the Environment; Dose-Effect Relation Christian Streffer,H. Bolt,E. Swaton,Friederike Wü Book 2004 Springer-Verlag Be

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Toxicology of Chemical Carcinogens,ke, distribution, metabolism and elimination of chemical compounds lead to further complications. A chemical carcinogen may either act in the form of the parent compound, or, very frequently, in the form of an ultimately active metabolite. Hence, a complicated interplay of activating and inactivatin

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Comparing Summary of Action of Ionising Radiation and Chemicals in Carcinogenesis,ancer is of dominating concern. Some other toxic effects may be discussed after low-dose exposures like genetic effects, disturbances of the immune system and developmental effects especially of the central nervous system. However, in the debate about protection of humans and the environment against

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Hypothesis Testing and the Choice of the Dose-Response Model, assumption was that there was a threshold to the appearance of a health detriment, including cancer. But developments in the knowledge and aetiology of cancer led toxicologists to first suggest a non-threshold model during the early 1960s (Roderick 1992). Since that time a number of models have bee

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Low Doses in Health-Related Environmental Law,ons: the first problem is whether the state or — in the case of the European Community — the Community is under an obligation to protect human life and health against low doses; secondly, one has to ask the question whether and to what extent the state or the Community is empowered to deal with low

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Recommendations for Environmental Risks to Human Health: Evaluation and Regulatory Processes,nary dialogue and interaction is of utmost importance for dealing with and setting environmental standards. In the modern, industrialised world with high human population densities, it is necessary to achieve a balance between the development and the operation of efficient technologies on the one ha