Titlebook: Logics for Computer and Data Sciences, and Artificial Intelligence; Lech T. Polkowski Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Auth

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Temporal Logics,etting apart philosophical or linguistic analyses of aspect of tenses, they regard time as linear or branching structures of time events. Temporal logics find important applications in Artificial Intelligence, and, in formal specification, verification and model checking of computer programs and rea

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Many-Valued Logics,ogics was the problem of contingent statements posed by Aristotle in Metaphysics. The famous contingent statement by Aristotle ‘tomorrow there will be a sea battle’ is an example. The battle may be or may be not fought. This statement is neither certainly true nor certainly false. There was need for