Titlebook: Leptospira spp.; Methods and Protocol Nobuo Koizumi,Mathieu Picardeau Book 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Natu

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Purification of LPS from ,to extract and/or purify the leptospiral lipopolysaccharides: the rapid proteinase K method and the classical hot water/phenol extraction. The first method allows to get a quick overview of the LPS O antigen structure, whereas the second method is fitted to study the immunological properties of the

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spp. Toolbox for Chemotaxis Assay,e methods allow to demonstrate chemotaxis defect, identify diverse chemoattractants, or decipher motile behavior quantitatively. These experiments have demonstrated a role of motility and potentially chemotaxis in leptospirosis pathogenesis. We describe extensively the methods and provide the key st

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In Situ Structural Analysis of , spp. by Electron Cryotomography, are present inside the cell. Electron cryotomography (ECT) is an imaging technique that directly provides three-dimensional (3D) structures of cells and molecular complexes in their cellular environment at nanometer resolution. Here, I present a general protocol of ECT that covers the sample prepar

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Measurement of the Cell-Body Rotation of ,y motors (flagellar motors) and transform the ends of the cell body into spiral or hook shape. The rotations of the periplasmic flagella are thought to gyrate the cell body and rotate the protoplasmic cylinder for propelling the cell; however, the motility mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Si

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In Vivo Imaging of Bioluminescent Leptospires, in vivo analysis. The use of pathogens, genetically modified to express with luminescent enzymes, combined to charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, constitutes a major technological advance for assessing the course of infection in an intact, living host in real time and in a noninvasive way. This te