Titlebook: Lasers in Proctology; Kamal Gupta Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Si

背景

Kamal Gupta800 active astron­ omers from 40 countries. The agenda of the Assembly ranged from administrative questions to highly intricate scientific problems. Thirty-eight Presidents of the IAU Commissions contributed by their reports to a detailed survey of Astronomy for the period 1964-67. These reports wer

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Lasers in Surgery: From Past to Present,ribe that laser light was possible [2]. Over the years, the laser has become an integral part of medical and surgical applications, including Ophthalmology, Cardiology, Dermatology, Gastroenterology, and Proctology.

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Surgical Anatomy of Anal Canal,s unique anatomy. It begins at the anorectal ring, distal to the rectal ampulla, and ends at the anus, where the stratified squamous epithelium joins the perianal skin. It is entirely extraperitoneal [1].

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Anal Cushions and Pathophysiology of Hemorrhoids,stimated global prevalence of hemorrhoids is between 2.9% and 27.9%, of which over 4% are symptomatic [1, 2]. Though hemorrhoids are prevalent in the general population, many patients may find it uncomfortable and embarrassing to consult a surgeon [3].

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Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty,dure that offers a good outcome with less morbidity. To date, no procedure fulfills this criterion. However, Laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP) has an upper edge since it is hemostatic, less painful, bactericidal, leads to faster healing, is associated with lesser complications, and maintains the physiol

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