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Postpartum Thrombotic Microangiopathy,hese ground states are the integer quantum Hall states (IQHSs) and fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs). Many of these ground states have been well understood for years, yet some continue to challenge researchers. The . = 5∕2 fractional quantum Hall state at half-filling is perhaps the most myster

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History of Cardiac Valve Replacementay, we may remove thermal excitations and access the ground state. In order to measure the most sensitive electronic ground states, high quality samples are needed, and they must be studied at temperatures as low as a few milliKelvin. In this section, I will describe the operation of the dilution re

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Kenneth M. Ayers,Sidney R. Jonesrystalline systems, pressure changes the Bloch wavefunction and the band structure. As a result, pressure permits us to tune material parameters in ways not possible with other techniques. In particular, we may tune the energy scales of the fractional quantum Hall states and gather information about

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Lung Transplantation-Related Pathology, at filling factor . = 5∕2 from the fractional quantum Hall state to the nematic phase. This represented the first time such a nematic phase developed spontaneously at . = 5∕2, without any external symmetry-breaking fields. Probing the temperature dependence of the . = 5∕2 fractional quantum Hall st

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Conventional Microinvasive Melanoma, sets the scale for the electron–electron interactions, this suggests that electron–electron interactions are the dominant factor driving this quantum phase transition. Corroborating this conclusion, a specially engineered sample studied at . pressure also revealed a nematic phase at . = 7∕2 at a si

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