Titlebook: Evolution of Venomous Animals and Their Toxins; P. Gopalakrishnakone (Editor-in-chief),Anita Malho Reference work 2017 Springer Science+Bu

渐变

Toxicity in Cephalopods sometimes aposematic appearance of coleoid cephalopods (octopuses, cuttlefishes, and squids) are highly suggestive of the widespread use of toxins for predation and/or defense. Many cephalopods use a combination of their parrot-like beak and/or toothed radula to inject venomous saliva, thought to b

institute

The Strategic Use of Venom by Spidersvenomous organisms and their venoms. Yet, behavior has long been recognized as a pacemaker for the evolution of morphological, ecological, life history, and other traits, in large part because behavioral responses can expose organisms to or protect them from novel selection pressures. The importance

Vo2-Max

Independent Origins of Scorpion Toxins Affecting Potassium and Sodium Channelsnd deterring competitors (e.g., small mammals). Although a great amount of information in terms of their sequences, structures and pharmacological functions is available currently, the origin of these toxins remains unsolved. Based on the genomic organization and three-dimensional structure similari

terazosin

Parasitoid Wasps and Their Venomssps use venom to manipulate the metabolism, development, and behavior of other arthropods for reproductive purposes. This provides a safe environment and nutrition for the next generation of wasps to feed and develop. Parasitoid wasp species diversity is estimated to be between 150,000 and 600,000 s

Tidious

Venom as a Component of External Immune Defense in Hymenopteraants, wasps, and bees) represent the most conspicuous source of antimicrobial secretions. In solitary and parasitic species, venom is used to immobilize or kill prey and to preserve them as stored food for their immature brood. In social species, venom is frequently also externalized both onto the c

Spina-Bifida

Venom Use in Mammals: Evolutionary Aspectss), Monotremata (platypus), Chiroptera (vampire bats), and Primates (slow and pygmy slow lorises). Each of them has different strategies for using very diverse mixtures of toxic molecules. Venomous saliva is used by eulipotyphlans to paralyze and cache prey, and by chiropterans to avoid blood clotti

scrape

Evolution, Morphology, and Development of the Centipede Venom Systemphylum Myriapoda. The most conspicuous synapomorphic character of centipedes is certainly the modification of the first pair of legs into powerful venomous forceps (the forcipules). The venom gland encased in each forcipule produces a potent cocktail of paralytic toxins delivered into prey and oppon

GENRE

Evolutionary History of Venom Glands in the Siluriformeses diversity for over 250 years. In spite of this historical knowledge, scientific examinations of the basic characteristics and evolutionary history of these species’ venom glands, and their products, have been extremely sparse compared to those of terrestrial venomous organisms, or even venomous f