Titlebook: European Union Common Foreign Policy; From EPC to CFSP Joi Martin Holland Book 1995 Martin Holland 1995 Common Foreign and Security Policy.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15223-9til 1993 the relationship was confrontational and restrictive: sanctions, codes and diplomatic declarations were emblematic of both this political and economic abnormality. The task for Europe and South Africa was how to establish a “normal” political and trading bilateral relationship leading into the twenty-first century.

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,Diplomacy, Codes and Sanctions: 1977–1989,t, the Soweto uprisings of 1976 and the repressive South African Government response. In this sense, policy in southern Africa has followed the traditional path of incrementalism typical of the majority of early Community foreign policy actions.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90790-1n the light of the overall policy analysis presented: simply, has the change from EPC to a joint action under the CFSP been significant? How, if at all, did policy towards South Africa change? And did those possible changes enhance Europe’s foreign policy capacity or, paradoxically, weaken it?

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Book 1995P) provisions of Maastricht. The case-study of South Africa is particularly important as it straddles both the CFSP and the European Political Cooperation (EPC) periods and thus similarities and constraints in policy-making and implementation can be made. The EC/EU policy vis-a-vis South Africa is t

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