Titlebook: Essentials of Spine Surgery; Alpaslan Şenköylü,Federico Canavese Textbook 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under excl

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形容词词尾

Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiographic Abnormalityaphic or computed tomographic features of spinal fracture or instability; it is responsible for up to 20% of spinal cord injuries in children (mostly aged less than 10 years of age)..The injury of the spinal cord seen in SCIWORA syndrome is caused by a contusion or ischemia of the cord due to tempor

昆虫

Upper Cervical Spine Injuriestween the occipital condyles and C2) are discussed. These injuries can occur in the context of SCIWORA. The AO Foundation (www.aofoundation.org) upper-cervical spine classification system is presented in Appendix A. Any surgical treatment other than anterior C2–C3 fixation and anterior fixation of o

anarchist

Sub-axial Cervical Spine Injuriesvely while unstable injuries as well as those with neurological deficits require surgical treatment. Other than the neurological deficit, complications may include pseudoarthrosis, surgical site infection, and postoperative deformity. Underdiagnosed cases can lead to secondary deformity and permanen

胰岛素

Thoracolumbar Injuriesauma is the most important etiologic factor. Classification systems help to predict the natural history of the injury and to identify treatment options. Neurologic examination is crucial for all patients with thoracolumbar spine trauma since spinal cord and root injury are not uncommon complications

胰岛素

Sacral Injuriesd or in association with fractures of the pelvis and/or the sacroiliac joint and are frequently associated with injury of other organs and hemodynamic instability. Neuro-urological or anorectal sequelae are frequent. Conservative treatment is applicable to all stable injuries, without joint disrupti

骄傲

apropos

Osteoporotic Fracturest the normal compression forces under physiologic conditions or slight trauma. Without detection and adequate care, the fractured vertebra may collapse, leading to increased kyphosis and eventually compression of the neural elements. Patients with comorbidities or bedridden due to excruciating pain

极大的痛苦

Back Pain in Childrens back pain may have serious underlying pathology, including malignancy and infection. More recently, back pain has been presented as a common occurrence unlikely caused by a significant underlying pathology..However, there is still a small group of children with back pain associated with a signific