Titlebook: Equilibrium Thermodynamics; Mário J. Oliveira Textbook 20131st edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Carnot Principle.Clausius Gi

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Applications to Marine Disaster PreventionWe study in this chapter the phase diagrams of multicomponent systems. The representation that provides the simplest diagrams is that composed only by thermodynamic fields. A system of . components is described by . + 2 thermodynamic fields: the temperature ., the pressure ., and the chemical potentials .., .., ., .. of the . components.

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Carnot Principle,When two bodies are placed in thermal contact, the hotter body gives off heat to the colder body. As long as the temperatures are different, there will be a flow of heat between them. After a while, the temperature becomes equal and the heat flow ceases. From that moment on the bodies are in thermal equilibrium.

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Clausius-Gibbs Principle,A system in thermodynamic equilibrium must be stable. This means to say that small perturbations do not remove the system from its equilibrium. In a mechanical system in stable equilibrium described by a potential energy ., the stability implies that the coefficient . is non-negative.

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