Titlebook: Equilibrium Thermodynamics; Mário J. Oliveira Textbook 20131st edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Carnot Principle.Clausius Gi

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Palate

Phase Transition,gh pressures, it occurs in solid form. At intermediate temperatures and pressures, it may be a liquid. A gas is characterized by its high compressibility and low density. A solid and a liquid, in contrast, are less compressible, and have moderate or high densities. A solid, contrary to a liquid, off

tooth-decay

Criticality,s and the liquid density decreases to the point where the densities of the two phases become equal. This point which determines the end of the coexistence line and corresponds to the state in which the two phases become the identical, is called the critical point.

Ornithologist

Mixtures,us gaseous mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and other gases in smaller proportions. Oil is a natural mixture of hydrocarbons. The rocks, like granite, are solid heterogeneous mixtures. The homogeneous mixtures have uniform physical aspect and consists of a single thermodynamic phase. The heterogeneous mi

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结构

Order-Disorder Transition,hree-dimensional periodic lattice. The ordered structure, strictly speaking, does not mean that the atoms are located exactly on the sites of the lattice as they are in constant motion due to thermal agitation. In fact, the average positions of the atoms are the points in space that should be consid

磨坊

Magnetic Systems,gnetization and therefore are used as permanent magnets. If heated, however, such materials lose their natural magnetization at a given temperature, called critical temperature .. or Curie temperature, and become paramagnetic.

Interdict

LATHE

insincerity

Solids,cause the atoms are in continuous motion due to thermal agitation, the vertices of the lattice are defined, more properly, as the equilibrium positions around which the atoms vibrate. This structure gives to the solid the rigidity that opposes not only the compression and stretch but also shear. In