Titlebook: Drugs During Pregnancy; Methodological Aspec Bengt Källén Book 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Epidemiological meth

Indurate

Limits to Responsibility and Decision-MakingAs a result of the thalidomide tragedy, routine animal testing of new drugs was introduced. This chapter discusses the value of animal experiments. Another consequence was an intensification of the reporting of adverse drug reactions. A sample of such reports are presented and commented upon.

过时

Ethics and Reproductive BiologyThis chapter discusses the main epidemiological techniques which are used in studies of drugs and pregnancy outcomes: population studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, nested case-control studies, and the sibling approach. The principles of each study type are presented and advantages and disadvantages are pointed out and exemplified.

过渡时期

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,The “Alert Clinician”,This chapter illustrates how some drugs with a teratogenic potential were identified from clinical observations: thalidomide, anticonvulsants, warfarin, drugs for thyrotoxicosis, retinoids, and mycophenolate mofetil. It also stresses the limitations in this way to identify teratological hazards.

软弱

Animal Experiments and Adverse Drug Reaction Reports,As a result of the thalidomide tragedy, routine animal testing of new drugs was introduced. This chapter discusses the value of animal experiments. Another consequence was an intensification of the reporting of adverse drug reactions. A sample of such reports are presented and commented upon.

encomiast

Some Epidemiological Principles,This chapter discusses the main epidemiological techniques which are used in studies of drugs and pregnancy outcomes: population studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, nested case-control studies, and the sibling approach. The principles of each study type are presented and advantages and disadvantages are pointed out and exemplified.

凶猛

Picks-Disease

包庇

体贴

Refusal of Psychiatric Treatmentological studies help to identify causality but are burdened with methodological problems which will be discussed in this book. This chapter also introduces the Swedish Medical Birth Register and defines odds and risk ratios.