Titlebook: Cosmic Gamma Rays, Neutrinos, and Related Astrophysics; Maurice M. Shapiro,John P. Wefel Book 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers 1989 Superno

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VHE and UHE Gamma Ray Astronomy: History and ProblemsA short historical outline of VHE and UHE gamma-ray astronomy is given, including personal reminiscences of the author. Special attention is paid to the development of experimental techniques and methods of analysis. The main results obtained in the field to date are critically reviewed.

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Observation of TeV Gamma-rays from the Crab NebulaThe Whipple Observatory 10 m Reflector operating as a 37-pixel camera has been used to observe the Crab Nebula in TeV gamma rays. Using gamma-ray image selection a detection is reported at the 9.0 sigma level; this corresponds to a flux of 1.8 x 10. photons-cm.-s. above 0.7 TeV.

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Nato Science Series C:http://image.papertrans.cn/c/image/238878.jpg

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Cosmic Gamma Rays, Neutrinos, and Related Astrophysics

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Ultra High Energy Radiation from Hercules X-l; New Physics Above 100 TEV ?7±0.0003sec with a statistical significance of ~ 2 ×10.. The showers were found to have a muon content similar to that for hadronic showers and the energy of their progenitors were greater than 400 TeV. The characteristic muon poor feature of similar gamma ray initiated showers was not observed for the signal.

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UHE Gamma Ray Observations with the KGF Air Shower Arraye present upper limits on the flux of gamma rays from CYGNUS-X3 and demonstrate the usefulness of our muon detectors in improving the signal to noise ratio for gamma ray showers, if conventional interaction models are valid.

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Conservation and Efficiency Issues,, Pérez-Fournon et al. 1988) leads a) to a prediction of high energy neutrino-emission in addition to photon emission, to physical arguments about b) shock structure and sharpness of cutoff and c) the radial dependence of the cutoff frequency in the M87 jet, and d) to a possible explanation of X-ray emission as secondary synchrotron radiation.

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Conservation and Efficiency Issues,hus provide an important new diagnostic of black holes not obtainable with x-ray observations. This has important implications for both the theory and strategies of future high energy observation of black holes.