Titlebook: Citizen Soldiers and the Key to the Bastille; Julia Osman Book 2015 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Fr

Sinus-Rhythm

Soldiers into Citizens,ere but the Caribbean. While France hated seeing its colonies swallowed up by Britain in North America and India, the deepest humiliation came from its loss to Prussia, a small state with a fraction of France’s population and wealth. France lost the Seven Years’ War for many reasons, including naval

消极词汇

tolerance

Aristocratic Rupture,s of the American Revolution showcased a working citizen army in the modern world, encouraged civilians to see military service in a positive light, and recast the French army as an army of liberty that allied with citizen forces to repulse a tyrant. French writers folded American Revolutionary imag

PACT

A Dream Deferred,ignaling the beginning of the Revolution, many officers responded with outright elation. In their eyes, this Revolution heralded not a new beginning or sudden change, but the fulfillment of all the army reforms debated over the past several decades. Since the Seven Year’s War, officers, reformers, a

antecedence

Conclusion: Guidons Burning,deferred, the realization of a citizen army for France. Much of French expectation for the citizen army throughout the old regime and Revolution had depended on the citizen desiring to join the army and fighting vigorously out of love for the ., with little change to the social hierarchy and status

使隔离

Heterogeneous Relation Algebra,, Lafayette considered Washington as an adoptive father, and Washington likewise saw Lafayette as his own son. As a sign of his affection, Lafayette had even named his heir ‘George Washington Lafayette,’ and the two friends corresponded frequently.

concert

Mindfulness as Relational Ethicshat had been in their families for generations.. The officers’ eagerness and desperation were palpable; use of commissions and promotions as rewards had caused the officer corps to balloon to the point where there were far more officers wishing to serve than there were available opportunities. Posit

NOMAD

Erik van den Brink,Frits Kosteruous society. By the 1780s, officers’ and civilians’ opinions of soldiers had improved, bringing the French army and civilian society into greater familiarity with and closer proximity to the citizen-army model they had admired in ancient societies. With the American example confirming their suspici

笨拙处理

RADE

Søren Willert,Mette Vinther Larsenofficers who emigrated, seeing it as their last chance to restore their comrades, the king, and their way of life, with the help of another country that still recognized nobility.. French Revolutionaries then had to contend with the ‘citizen army’ that they inherited, just as it crumbled under the r