Titlebook: Auditory and Vestibular Efferents; David K. Ryugo,Richard R. Fay Book 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 hair cells.olivocochl

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978-1-4614-2754-4Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011

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不成比例

Gert Zülch,Thomas Bogus,Uwe Jonssonperiphery. Olivocochlear (OC) neurons supply this efferent innervation, and they are the most peripheral of the many descending neural systems of the central auditory pathway (see Schofield, Chap. 9). OC neurons are named by their origins in the superior olivary complex and terminations in the cochl

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The Political Economy of the Asia Pacifical steps following the arrival of an action potential at the peripheral efferent nerve terminal (Sect. 4.1.1). A brief history of advances in understanding the efferent system follows (Sect. 4.1.2). The description of the neurochemistry and pharmacology of efferent action is organized around the seq

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Shoko Kohama,Atsushi Tago,Kazunori Inamasurain. A major component of this feedback involves cholinergic inhibition of hair cells via an unusual ionic mechanism. It activates rapidly (on the order of milliseconds), but instead of being mediated by a hyperpolarizing conductance through γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or glycine receptors, it i

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56466-9n enigma,” and this is still true today, in particular for the development of efferents. The inner ear efferents are so unique in their physiology, axonal course, and distribution that this adds to the mystery of their role in hearing and balance (Christopher Kirk and Smith 2003). However, analyzing

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Games of Conflict and Cooperation in Asia the sensory cells themselves, that is, at the transduction stage, is rare (Robertson 2009). The mechanosensory hair cells of vertebrates are arguably the most sophisticated example of this relationship, and much remains to be learned about efferent modulation of their function under natural conditi

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56466-9information from acoustic stimuli and perhaps control what auditory information reaches consciousness. The past two decades have seen a tremendous growth in interest in the central descending system for several reasons.5