Titlebook: Walled Towns and the Shaping of France; From the Medieval to Michael Wolfe Book 2009 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Nature America Inc.

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Overview: This book focuses on the development of towns in France, taking into account military technology, physical geography, shifting regional networks tying urban communities together, and the emergence of new forms of public authority and civic life.978-0-230-10112-8

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and the Hundred Years’ Warndeed necessary, ever greater urban independence and expenditure as towns assumed more responsibility for their own security. The result was the imposing crenellated stone and brick walls and towers considered today so archetypical of medieval towns.

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Urban Legacies and Medieval Trends up to 1100nce five thousand years ago. This ambivalence became more pronounced in the timbered stockades around later Celtic villages, described first by Julius Caesar. Roman military encampments laid out by priests with the intersecting lines of the . and . defined a central enclosed space yet pointed to the