Titlebook: Visual Prosthesis and Ophthalmic Devices; New Hope in Sight Joyce Tombran-Tink,Colin J. Barnstable (Professor Book 2007 Humana Press 2007

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The Minimally Invasive Retina Implant Project,ically evoked phosphenes in blind people, 36 yr before the first description of the principles of bioelectric stimulation by Galvani (.). Krause and Schum (.) and Foerster (.) proved the possibility to stimulate the human visual system reproducibly and potentially useful with reliable topographical

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A Retinal Implant System Based on Flexible Polymer Microelectrode Array for Electrical Stimulation,of blindness in adult (.). Despite a near-total loss of the photoreceptors, the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers survive at fairly high rates in the patients with retinitis pigmentosa (.) and age-related macular degeneration (.). Retinal prostheses have great potential in alleviating the probl

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Circuit Designs That Model the Properties of the Outer and Inner Retina,sis to be practical, the device must perform these computations as efficiently as, and at a physical scale comparable with the lesioned network, and should adapt its properties over time, independent of external control. The approach to design a successful prosthesis that faithfully replicates the c

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Glaucoma Drainage Devices,istinct appearance of the optic disc and a concurrent pattern of vision loss (.). Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world with estimates that it affects 66.8 million individuals worldwide (.); at least 6.7 million of these affected people suffer from complete blindness (.). Th

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Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration,centic fashion (Fig. 1). It is a bilateral disease, although one eye may be affected earlier and clinically diagnosed, while the other eye has no clinical features (.). Although classically described as an inferor entity, the site of involvement can be in any quadrant of the cornea, including the su

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Artisan Toric Lens Implantation for Correction of Postkeratoplasty Astigmatism, four to five diopters (D) ((.)–(.)). It is well known that patients do not tolerate spectacle correction for more than three to four D of astigmatism or anisometropia. Therefore, contact lenses are fitted in 10–30% of patients, and in keratoconus this value may increase up to 50% (.,.). Contact len

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Phakic Intraocular Lenses for the Treatment of High Myopia,tment of myopia (.,.), is limited in high myopic eyes, because a residual corneal stromal thickness of 250 µm is essential to minimize the risk of corneal ectasia (.). Apart from that, large excimer laser corrections may result in poor optical quality of the reshaped cornea (.). Clear lens extractio