Titlebook: Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate; A New Perspective on Pavel Kabat,Martin Claussen,Sabine Lütkemeier Book 2004 Springer-Verlag Ber

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The Global Climatend climate at the global scale. We also show that without understanding vegetation dynamics we are unable to describe long-term climate variability, nor can we fully interpret palaeodimatic reconstructions or predict global weather properly. This chapter is organised as follows (see also Table A.1):

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The Sahelian Climatene that started in the 1960s (Nicholson 1978). Many thousands of people died and many more suffered severe disruption of their lives in the severe phases of this drought (e.g. in 1984). The human dramas and socio-economic consequences resulting from drought-induced famines in the Sahel region have p

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The Amazonian Climateand plant species. It also contains over 2 × 10. km. of savanna Vegetation to the north and to the south of the domain of the tropical forest. The annual discharge of the River Amazon into the Atlantic Ocean of more than 200 000 m. s. contributes about 18% of the global flow of fresh water into the

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The Boreal Climatepical forests and occupies about 21% of the Earth’s forested land surface (Whittaker and Likins 1975). Nutrient cyding rates are relatively low in the cold wet boreal soils. Whittaker and Likins (1975) estimate the annual net primary productivity of the boreal forest at 800 g C m.y. and its tundra a

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Summary, Conclusion and Perspectivee (see Sect. A.2.2 and A.2.3). This can be traced back to both developments in modelling as well as the increased availability of sophisticated equipment to study land-surface processes .. In terms of the climate System, it is important to model the partitioning of available energy between sensible

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Introductioninaccurate representations of the surface fluxes of energy and water: the average residence time for water vapour in the atmosphere is about a week, so the accuracy of weather forecasts a day ahead is not highly dependent on a good representation of the evaporation. However, as is evident from Part

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Radiation Measurements in Integrated Terrestrial Experimentsgered by the wellestablished increase in atmospheric content of radiatively active gases. The physical consequence of this increase is an increased longwave radiation of a few W m. from the sky to the surface. The direct detection of this effect would require longwave radiometers — pyrgeometers — wi