Titlebook: Variceal Hemorrhage; Roberto de Franchis,Alessandra Dell’Era Book 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 antibiotic prophylaxi

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Natural History and Stages of Cirrhosiser structure. There are two major clinical phases of the disease, recognized as clinically distinct entities: compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Compensated cirrhosis is characterized by a very low mortality, while transition to decompensation is the major outcome for this early disease stage.

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Diagnosis of Esophageal Varices at present, the gold standard for diagnosis, and must be performed in all patients when the diagnosis of cirrhosis is established and repeated every 2–3 years if no varices are found, or even earlier if decompensation occurs. However, in compensated cirrhotic patients, esophageal varices are presen

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Assessing the Risk of Bleedingthe management of variceal bleeding achieved during the last decades, bleeding cirrhotic patients have a 6 weeks mortality ranging between 10 and 20 %. Current treatment with a combination of vasoactive drugs and endoscopic band ligation can control bleeding in over 90 % of patients. The patients in

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Prevention of the Formation and Growth of Esophageal Variceshe course of the disease, but from a clinical point of view the most important is the gastroesophageal collateral circulation, which results in the formation of gastroesophageal varices. Varices are a very specific index of the presence of portal hypertension, but they are not sensitive, since patie

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Pre-primary and Primary Prophylaxis of Variceal Hemorrhageleast prevention of variceal bleeding are important goals to improve life quality and—if possible—survival of patients with liver cirrhosis. Interruption of the underlying cause of liver disease is the most successful approach, which, however, often fails. For this situation interruption or modulati

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