Titlebook: Understanding Energy Innovation; Learning from Smart Heather Lovell Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2022

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Introduction,involve the incorporation of new digital and information and communication technologies into utility infrastructures, and they are used as a case study throughout the book to explore energy innovation. The chapter concludes with a brief history of smart grids.

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Networks,change. These diverse networks have a number of characteristics in common, including interconnectedness, flows, and fragility. Exploring these characteristics in relation to smart grids helps us to better understand the social nature of energy sector innovation. In this chapter, I use these themes a

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Nodes,lated to that of networks, as nodes are fixed, stable points on networks. But whereas the network metaphor encourages us to think about connections and flows, the concept of nodes focuses our attention on the key organisations, people, and technologies that provide stable anchor points and typically

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