Titlebook: Ultrashort Electric Pulse Effects in Biology and Medicine; Stephen J. Beebe,Ravi Joshi,Shu Xiao Book 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Lt

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,Effects of usEPs on Plasma Membranes—Pores, Channels, and Repair,e phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, commonly used as a marker for apoptosis. usEPs “pulled” PS through these nanopores. Now PS externalization was an ambiguous marker for apoptosis. Although plasma membrane lipids were clear usEP targets, plasma membrane channels were also targets for usEPs.

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usEP Effects on the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER),caveats. Because usEPs also induced plasma membrane permeabilization for Ca. influx, which occurred at lower charging conditions than ER-induced nanopore formation and Ca. release; because some cells expressed voltage-gated Ca. channels (VGCC), which could be directly activated or activated due to u

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usEP Induce Regulated Cell Death Mechanisms,also shown that usEPs induced caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death. A role for caspases depended on the usEP charging intensity with lower usEP impact causing caspase-dependent cell death while higher charging caused caspase-independent cell death. Although a full discussion of all R

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Thermal Effects in Bioelectrics,th emphasis on its application in cancer treatments. Moderate heating of tumors in combination with electrical pulse treatments was found, for a wide range of pulse durations, to cause a significantly higher rate of complete tumor regression compared to the use of pulsed electric fields alone.

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usEPs in Pre-clinical Cancer Treatment,as revascularization, as shown using endothelial markers. Other studies showed that usEPs ablated mouse liver tumors. While all of these studies  investigated ectopic tumors within mice‘s flanks, studies also showed that usEPs could also completely ablate orthotopic rat liver tumors, using a 5-needl

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usEPs as a Possible Immunotherapy, CD44+ with the presence or absence of CD62L+ as T-central or T effector memory cells, respectively. The strongest evidence for usEP-induced immunity indicated the complete absence of secondary tumor growth after primary tumor treatment. Such responses were present in cancer models in the ectopic mo

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Ravi Joshi samples (approximately 150 samples of twenty minutes) reduces the uncertainties from the limited number of spatial points. The proof of universal scaling behaviour for different wind farm sites (see [2] for comparison) is an exciting concept that opens up the possibility of further areas of researc

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