| 书目名称 | Sustainable Agriculture Reviews | | 副标题 | Volume 13 | | 编辑 | Eric Lichtfouse | | 视频video | | | 概述 | Presents safe techniquest to preserve stored grains.Lists biopesticides produced by plants.Review methods to control ants.Includes supplementary material: | | 丛书名称 | Sustainable Agriculture Reviews | | 图书封面 |  | | 描述 | .Sustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for humans and their children. It is a discipline that addresses current issues: climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, poor-nation starvation, rich-nation obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control and biodiversity depletion. This series gathers review articles that analyze current agricultural issues and knowledge, then proposes alternative solutions.. | | 出版日期 | Book 2014 | | 关键词 | food security; integrated nutrient management; phytoremediation | | 版次 | 1 | | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00915-5 | | isbn_softcover | 978-3-319-03372-3 | | isbn_ebook | 978-3-319-00915-5Series ISSN 2210-4410 Series E-ISSN 2210-4429 | | issn_series | 2210-4410 | | copyright | Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 |
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Front Matter |
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Abstract
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,Leaf-Cutting Ants, Biology and Control, |
Isabelle Boulogne,Harry Ozier-Lafontaine,Gladys Loranger-Merciris |
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Abstract
Leaf-cutting ants (., ., .) are found on the American continent and in the Caribbean and are known to live in symbiosis with a fungus. Among . tribe, . and . are the two genera, which commonly depend on fresh plant leaves and other plant material for their fungal garden. Overall, these ants are among the most economically damaging herbivorous species. . is classified among the most serious pests of tropical and subtropical America. Due to its foraging activity, it can cause serious damages from 20 to 30 % of crop production. Huge losses were observed in several vegetable and fruit crops, in crop of cacao or citrus orchards and in protected areas where some species may completely disappear due to their endemism. Economic losses due to these ants were estimated at several million dollars per year. Although . is one of the most important species of leaf-cutters because of its economic impact there is a lack of review in the literature..We review here the distribution, biology and different kind of control used and sustainable methods that can possibly help to manage. . is found only in Neotropics from Central America to northern of South America, including parts of West Indies. A colo
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,Impact of Pesticide Productivity on Food Security, |
József Popp,Károly Pető,János Nagy |
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Abstract
The seven billion global population is projected to grow by 70 million per annum, increasing by 30 % to 9.2 billion in 2050. This increased population density is projected to increase demand for food production by 70 % notably due to changes in dietary habits in developing countries towards high quality food, e.g. greater consumption of meat and milk products, and to the increasing use of grains for livestock feed. The availability of additional agricultural land is limited. Furthermore, more agricultural land will be used to produce bio-based commodities such as bioenergy or fibre instead of food and feed. Thus, we need to grow food on even less land, with less water, using less energy, fertiliser and pesticide than we use today. Given these limitations, sustainable production at elevated levels is urgently needed. The reduction of current yield losses caused by pests are major challenges to agricultural production. This review presents (1) worldwide crop losses due to pests, (2) estimates of pesticide-related productivity, and costs and benefits of pesticide use, (3) approaches to reduce yield losses by chemical, as well as biological and recombinant methods of pest control, and
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,Farmland Birds and Arable Farming, a Meta-Analysis, |
J. C. Wilcox,A. Barbottin,D. Durant,M. Tichit,D. Makowski |
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Abstract
Declines in farmland bird populations have been principally attributed to the intensification of agriculture. In response, agri-environmental schemes and organic farming have been introduced with the aim of making farmland better able to support wildlife populations. These “bird-friendly” agricultural practices include using more diverse crop rotations, stopping the use of pesticides, and creating more heterogeneous landscapes and are expected to create more food resources and nesting habitats for birds. Many studies have been published that evaluate the success or failure of agricultural practices to increase bird abundance. While many studies have found that most organic farming practices are beneficial to birds, other studies have found that some organic farming practices, such as using increased tillage passes, are not beneficial to birds. We conducted a search of the literature and used a meta-analysis approach to analyze the relationship between farming practices and bird populations. We first tested whether organic agriculture is more favorable to farmland birds of Europe and North America compared to conventional agriculture. We used data from 16 experiments and six publica
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,Phytoremediation, Transgenic Plants and Microbes, |
Kambaska Kumar Behera |
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Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising technology using plants and microbes to clean up contaminated air, soil, and water. Pollutants pose a global threat for agricultural production, productivity, wildlife and human health. Environmental pollution increasing in many parts of the world. Many methods of preventing, removing and or correcting the negative effects of pollutants exist but their application has either been poorly implemented or not at all. For phytoremediation selected or engineered plants and microbes are used to treat efficiently low to moderate levels of contamination..Phytoremediation uses the age-long abilities of selected plants and microbes to remove pollutants from the environment. Phytoremediation will probably become a commercially available technology in many parts of the world including India. Currently $6–8 billion a year is spent on environmental cleanup in the US. In the United Kingdom £4 million are spent on air pollution control and £1.5 million on water-treatment plant, and this cost is expected to increase by 50 % over the next 5 years. The cost of phytoremediation has been estimated as $25–$100 per ton of soil, and $0.60–$6.00 per 1,000 gallons of polluted
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,Management of Pathogens of Stored Cereal Grains, |
Neeta Sharma,Avantina S. Bhandari |
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Abstract
Biodeterioration of grains due to pests such as insect infestation and molds is a chronic problem in tropical and subtropical countries. This problem is aggravated due to the hot and humid climate. Consumption of infected grains induces hazardous health effects causing hepatic carcinoma and other serious disorders. Because of the high consumption of grains protection and management is mandatory. Traditionally, safe storage of harvested produce is done by carefully selecting the storage site, using proper storage structures, cleaning and fumigation. Safe storage also involves proper aeration of grains, physical separation of infected grains, drying, irradiation and heat treatment. Synthetic pesticides have been used for protection of stored food grain due to good availability. The application of fungicides to grains after harvest to reduce decay has been increasingly impeded due to: the development of resistance to many key pesticides; the lack of alternative pesticides; toxicity and negative public reception..Therefore alternatives to synthetic pesticides are needed. The distinct propensity towards a ‘Trek back to nature’ has become evident in recent past, especially in the field o
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,Allelopathy for Pest Control, |
Kambaska Kumar Behera,Renu Bist |
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Abstract
Plants are attacked by a plethora of pathogens or pests. Pest attack in turn induces or enhances the synthesis of a many chemical ‘weapons’ produced by plant defenses. These chemicals are classified broadly into nitrogen compounds, terpenoids and phenolics. They have a broad range of antifungal, antimicrobial and pesticidal activities. Thus, these plant chemicals can be extracted and further used as efficient biopesticides or microbicides. They are eco-friendly due to their ephemeral nature. Unlike many synthetic pesticides that often have harmful side effects and long residual time, allelochemicals are biodegradable fast..Plants produce many types of secondary metabolites – listed in Table 1 – including resins, phenolic acids, amino acids and essential oils, which can be used to manage pests. We review crop allelopathic activity to suppress weeds, microbes and insects. We present benefits of biotechnological methods of extraction and use of allelochemicals. The essential oils of medicinal plants such as thyme, oregano, rosemary, lavender, fennel and laurel have fungitoxic effects against foliar and soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. Natural miticides are an alternative to syntheti
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,Rice Bed Planting and Foliar Fertilization, |
M. H. M. Bhuyan,Most R. Ferdousi,Md. Toufiq Iqbal |
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Abstract
Rice grain yield must be increased with the pace of increasing population. Despite varietal improvement, it is greatly needed to increase the production through improved management. Bed planting in rice-rice cropping systems is a promising technique for improving resource use efficiency and increasing the yield. Bed planting has advantages such as resource conservation, resource use efficiency and profitability. Benefits can also be obtained by reduced tillage direct seeding, increased crop diversification, mechanical weeding, mechanical placement of fertilizers below the soil surface, reduced seed requirement, reduced cost of irrigation. Bed planting with foliar nitrogen fertilizer application of rice production systems very new..Influence of foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer on transplanted aman rice, and evaluation of water and fertilizer application efficiency of rice-fallow-rice cropping system was investigated under raised bed cultivation. Result showed that foliar spray in bed planting increased grain yield of transplanted aman rice up to 9 %. Foliar nitrogen fertilizer application in bed planting increased the number of panicle, number of grains and 1,000-grain weig
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,Integrated Nutrient Management and Postharvest of Crops, |
Hassan R. El-Ramady |
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Abstract
Rational pursuit of sustainability is only possible if society could agree upon what sustainability is, or more exactly, if mankind knows what we want to sustain. Policy reforms are a requirement for achieving sustainability. Much can be achieved by promoting polices that help better resource allocation and at the same preserve the natural ecosystem. In addition, conservation incentives are needed through functioning of the marketplace, along with an assessment of alternative mechanisms to control externalities. Soils represent dynamic ecosystems, making it appropriate to think about them in terms such as health, vitality and biological productivity. Soils are the resources that provide humans with more than 90 % of all the food we eat. Our challenge is to manage soils in a sustainable fashion so that they will provide for human needs in the future. However, the measurement of soil processes and of the soil properties linked to these also depend on the use and location of the soil. When evaluating soil quality, it is therefore common to explore a range of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties..Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) holds out great promise for meeting the
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,Intercropping Taro and Bambara Groundnut, |
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi,A. T. Modi |
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Abstract
Intercropping involves the cultivation of two or more crops on the same field in both space and time. It is a farming practice that has existed throughout history and one which mimics natural diversity. Intercropping has several advantages over monocropping which include improved resource utilization of light, water and nutrients, as well as yield stability over time. It is a practice that historically contributed towards food security within communities. It offers a sustainable alternative to the more widely practiced monocropping. However, it has been widely regarded as a primitive practice and this has created a scenario whereby there was scant research done on intercropping..Intercropping as a practice bears huge similarity with neglected crops. Neglected crops too have been regarded as “traditional” crops and have been neglected by researchers, farmers and communities. Despite that they represent a rich biodiversity which has now been lost. Additionally, similar to intercropping, neglected crops have played a historical role of food security and nutritious diets for people. In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, taro (. L. Schott) and bambara (. L. Verdc) landraces represent neglecte
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,Land Productivity and Food Security in Zhangjiagang, China, |
Chengming Sun,Xiaoyu Gan,Zhengguo Sun,Tao Liu,Ting Tian,Lijian Wang,Jianlong Li |
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Abstract
Urbanization, industrialization, population expansion and other economic activities have been occurring among different regions in China in varying degrees. Zhangjiagang city is one of the fastest growing cities among all Eastern Chinese cities and was chosen in the current investigation as a city of China in miniature for studying the cultivated land instability degree (CLID) based on 3S technologies and cellular automaton models, the productivity changes of main grain crops and agricultural ecological security situations by using remote sense and geographic information system (GIS) technology during the period of 2004–2008. The results indicated that the CLID value in Zhangjiagang city had obvious spatial heterogeneity. Faster reduction of cultivated land occurred in the area with higher CLID value. Although the area of cultivated land in Zhangjiagang city reduced year by year, the food amount per capita did not show significant changes due to gradually increasing crop yields. During this period, the agricultural ecological deficit in Zhangjiagang city increased by 16.23 %. The Grassland ecological deficit had the largest proportion, and cultivated land ecological deficit increas
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Back Matter |
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发表于 2025-3-21 16:41:02
