Titlebook: Surgical Endodontics; A Colour Manual I. E. Barnes Book 1984 I. E. Barnes 1984 anesthesia.assessment.clinic.fracture.soft tissue.surgery.ti

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Equipment,Most practitioners will have an established preference for particular surgical instruments. The surgical set-up illustrated in Figure 15.1 is the one that I use and is shown simply as a guide.

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Periodontal Considerations I,Damage to the periodontal and supporting tissues may be seen in association with a non-vital tooth that is to be, or which has been, apicected. Damage may occur preoperatively as a consequence of the apical lesion that is to be treated (Figure 16.1a). Alternatively, the breakdown may be iatrogenic: the result of unsuccessful surgery (Figure 16.1b)

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Operative Technique: Fractured Posts and Instruments,y effective (Figure 10.2). Broken spiral lentulae are difficult to remove, especially when they have jammed and broken whilst being rotated by a dental engine. It is not commonly realized that a spiral lentula is withdrawn from a canal by twisting in the direction that it is normally used, i.e. clockwise.

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