Titlebook: Sun, Earth and Sky; Kenneth R. Lang Book 19951st edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995 astronomy.earth.magnetosphere.planet.solar

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ETHER

An Unseen World of Perpetual Change, tenuous further out. For example, the Sun’s outermost visible layer, or photosphere, is about ten thousand times less dense than the air we breathe on Earth. The gases enveloping the photosphere are so rarefied that we can see right through them, just as we see through the Earth’s transparent air.

BRACE

The Violent Sun,redible energy can produce transient brightenings, called solar flares, that flood the solar system with intense radiation from X-rays to radio waves. The powerful flares are easily observed at these invisible wavelengths, where they briefly dominate the Sun’s output and sometimes outshine all other astronomical sources (Fig. 7.1).