Titlebook: Structure of Multielectron Atoms; Anders Kastberg Book 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Atomic Struture Calculations.Hyperfine Int

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The Zeeman Effect,ed direction in space and thus breaks spherical symmetry. This lifts degeneracies and leads to groups of fine-structure levels being split up in states characterised by quantum numbers ... We commence the chapter by considering magnetic fields sufficiently feeble to render its energy contribution th

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The Stark Effect,to have its inherent charges displaced such that an electric dipole moment is induced. This is the Stark effect, and it is typically smaller than the Zeeman effect. The Stark effect works differently for hydrogen than it does for all other atoms because the first-order effect tends to cancel for all

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Complex and Exotic Excitations, excited and where this excitation is not above, or close to, the ionisation limit. For the most part, we will leave the detailed studies of more complicated systems to other volumes. In this chapter, we just introduce a few extensions. We look at atoms with more than one electron excited. Such stat

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,Numerical Solutions of the Atomic Schrödinger Equation,ical understanding of atomic structure, and less at exact results. To achieve more precise theoretical values for atomic quantities, more sophisticated methods, involving ample computational resources, are needed. A detailed description of the associated methods is a subject that merits its own lite

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,Coupling of Angular Momenta – The Vector Model,cribed the basics of the model, we proceed to perturbation analyses, and we isolate special situations where some interactions dominate over others. The extremes of these cases are .-coupling and .-coupling.

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-Coupling,o into more detail. Initially, we focus on LS-coupling atomic terms, while temporarily ignoring spin–orbit couplings, and we make estimates of the term energies. After that, we add the fine-structure to the treatment, and eventually, we explore the functional form of the .-coupling states.

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,Atoms with Two or More Electrons – Symmetries,operties of the wave function. We need to take into account that ensembles of identical fermionic particles impose symmetry constraints, and we introduce exchange symmetries. Slater determinants are also introduced and with them the proper usage of determinantal wave functions.

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