Titlebook: Strengthening International Regimes; The Case of Radiatio Daniel Serwer Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under ex

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,X-Ray Protection Advances, Radium Protection Still Lags, 1902–13, of deep effects also greatly expanded public and professional fears, as did the confirmation of X-ray-induced carcinoma. Physicians reacted by claiming exclusive control over the diagnostic and therapeutic use of X-rays, but nonphysicians in the medical radiological community recognized that physic

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,War Enlarges and Enriches Medical Radiology, 1912–18,rays but also the mechanisms of their interaction with matter. In biology, laboratory experimentation led to a theory that explained the effects of radiation on living organisms in terms that physicists would find familiar. Industrial research made available a powerful new technology: the high-vacuu

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,X-Ray Measurements and Radium Protection Catch Up, 1914–22,sure from physicists, X-ray clinics would begin to use ionization measurements, thus closing the gap between clinical measurements of X-rays and radium. Prompted by public concern and the reaction of insurance companies as well as workmen’s compensation schemes, radium protection would grow in impor

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,War Generates Radioactive and Political Fallout, 1939–1965,higher voltage X-rays, nuclear reactors, and particle accelerators. The pre-war norms, established for the purposes of medical radiology, nevertheless proved durable, though not always observed, during the top-secret, crash program that produced atomic weapons in the United States. International sci

exacerbate

,Tightening Norms Again and Opening to the Public, 1965–2023, radiation protection norms, both for workers in nuclear facilities and for the general population. This tightening was unexpected, as the Commission had thought its established norms adequate and perhaps too restrictive. The driver for lowering permissible doses was not the dozens of military accid

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,What Radiation Protection Suggests About Other Issues, 1990–Present,d subjects. An epistemic group of global experts, specialists within this group, challenges from other professional institutions, and public pressure generated radiation protection norms that ensure benefits while limiting risks. These factors encouraged the growth of a resilient international regim

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2946-2673 rom the perspective of regime theory.Applies lessons learnedThis book is intended to examine the history of radiation protection up to the present from the perspective of regime theory, with a view to elucidating what this case teaches about how a strong regime in a controversial area can form and m