Titlebook: Strain Variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: Its Role in Biology, Epidemiology and Co; Sebastien Gagneux Book 2017 The Edit

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Antigenic Variation and Immune Escape in the MTBC,establish infection. Highly successful microbial pathogens, including ., are able to evade adaptive immune responses (mediated by antibodies and/or T lymphocytes) and thereby establish long-term chronic infection. One mechanism that diverse pathogens use to evade adaptive immunity is antigenic varia

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PE and PPE Genes: A Tale of Conservation and Diversity,me. The most ancestral PE and PPE proteins are expressed by genes that belong to the same operon and in most cases are found inserted in the . clusters, encoding a type VII secretion system. Duplication and expansion of . and . genes, coupled with intragenomic and intergenomic recombination events,

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Evolution of Phenotypic and Molecular Drug Susceptibility Testing,pt diagnosis followed by an appropriate treatment should be provided to patients. Phenotypic DST based on liquid automated culture has greatly reduced the time needed to generate reliable data but has the drawback to be expensive and prone to contamination in the absence of appropriate infrastructur

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DNA Replication Fidelity in the , Complex, strains of the . complex. When considered in the context of the specific features of the disease . causes (e.g., transmission via cough aerosol, replication within professional phagocytes, subclinical persistence, and stimulation of a destructive immune pathology), this implies that to understand t

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Strain Diversity and the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance,er to be relevant to human health. In this context, genetic diversity can influence the rate and likelihood of resistance emerging; it can also modulate the net physiological impact of resistance and the propensity of an organism to improve any defects that arise from it. Combined, these effects can

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Mathematical Models for the Epidemiology and Evolution of ,,troduce general epidemiological models, and describe their use with respect to epidemiological dynamics of a single strain and of multiple strains of .. In particular, we discuss multi-strain models that include drug sensitivity and drug resistance. Second, we describe models for the evolution of . 

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