Titlebook: Steroid Analysis; H. L. J. Makin,D. B. Gower,D. N. Kirk Book 19951st edition Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1995 Extraction, se

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The structure and nomenclature of steroids,e 1.1). Adjoining pairs of rings each share two carbon atoms at ring junctions. Almost all natural steroids possess either one or, more usually, two methyl (CH.) groups at ‘angular’ or ‘bridgehead’ positions where two rings meet (Figure 1.1).

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General methods of steroid analysis,cleus or on the side chain by the addition of hydrophilic (or lipophobic, polar) groups. These additional groups are mainly hydroxyl and oxo or carboxylic acid groups. In addition, in the case of the estrogens, the presence of a phenolic A ring renders the normally neutral 3-hydroxyl acidic. During

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The measurement of estrogens,variectomised rodent. Chemists and biochemists, however, often restrict their use of the term to molecules which contain a characteristic C. steroid nucleus. These definitions are not identical. Many compounds which exert estrogenic bioactivity do not have the characteristic C. steroid nucleus; many

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Anabolic steroids: Metabolism, doping and detection in equestrian and human sports,terone to increase their strength (Todd, 1987). During the 1960s, many pharmaceutically licensed chemical analogues of testosterone were released on to the market, these analogues being designed to enhance the anabolic effect for clinical purposes. However, competitors also desired these drugs, want

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Assay of bile acids in biological samples, C. acids. Bile acids are found only in vertebrate species, and in the vertebrates so far examined the biosynthesis of bile acids from cholesterol takes place in the liver. In man, the major pathway of bile acid synthesis begins with 7.-hydroxylation of the cholesterol ring nucleus and ends with oxi

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Analysis of vitamin D, its metabolites and structural analogues,hemical forms. In the clinical environment, only vitamins D. and D. are important. Vitamin D. (cholecalciferol) arises by the action of UV light on the sterol precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is found in the upper layers of the skin. The chemical reactions involved are shown in Figure 10.1. It