Titlebook: Statistics with Posterior Probability and a PHC Curve; Hideki Toyoda Textbook 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under

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,Analysis of Group Differences in Two Independent Groups,s methods for considering differences between the two groups. The differences between the experimental and control groups are not limited to differences in mean values and standard deviations but can be thoroughly discussed by using several indicators.

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Analysis of the Difference Score in Paired Two Groups,rgroup difference in paired two groups. The concept of group differences is completely overlooked in current elementary statistics education. Intergroup difference refers to the difference in randomly extracted measurements from the first and second groups, taken independently. The probability extraction occurs twice.

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Estimation Using Various Distributions for Independent Single Factors, expand to non-normal distributions, focusing on a single factor. Specifically, we discuss multiple group comparison models using log-normal, Poisson, and binomial distributions. At the end of the chapter, we explain the variance model of a single-factor experiment assuming a normal distribution for the level effect.

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978-981-97-3096-4The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapor

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Textbook 2024 that the results of studies using significant tests cannot be reproduced. It is a problem called a “reproducibility crisis”. For example, suppose we could reject the null hypothesis that “the average number of days to recovery in patients who took a new drug was the same as that in the control grou

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,Inference of a Normal Distribution,easy to express it as an equation. However, it is not easy to express the posterior distribution in a form that allows us to evaluate its properties, such as determining its mean or standard deviation, It is almost always impossible to express the posterior distribution in a form that allows us to e

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Analysis of the Difference Score in Paired Two Groups,rgroup difference in paired two groups. The concept of group differences is completely overlooked in current elementary statistics education. Intergroup difference refers to the difference in randomly extracted measurements from the first and second groups, taken independently. The probability extra