Titlebook: Statistical Physics of Fluids; Basic Concepts and A V. I. Kalikmanov Book 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Density Functional Th

Countermand

Ensembles in statistical mechanics, particles — given the laws of behavior of individual particles. If a macroscopic system has . degrees of freedom, its state at each moment of time can be characterized by . generalized coordinates .. ... , .. and . generalized momenta .. ... , .. (in statistical physics .. is used instead of veloci

NOMAD

Method of correlation functions,t is of great fundamental importance, serving as a starting point for derivation of distribution functions of small (but macroscopic) subsystems corresponding to the canonical and grand canonical ensemble. But the latter are still difficult (in fact virtually impossible) to calculate for realistic i

兵团

Equations of state, to observable macroscopic properties. There are three such routes, provided by.equations of state. This brings us to a problem of thermodynamic consistency. As we will see later, all these equations require a knowledge of correlation functions. Since exact correlation functions for realistic potent

表两个

Liquid-vapor interface, liquid and its saturated vapor at temperature .. The two-phase equilibrium is characterized by equality of temperature, pressure, and chemical potentials in both bulk phases (see Chap. 6). The density, however, is not constant but varies continuously along the interface between two bulk equilibrium

漂浮

兴奋过度

Equilibrium phase transitions,c common feature is an abrupt change in certain properties. For example, when ice is heated, its state first changes continuously up to the moment when the temperature reaches 0°C (at normal pressure), at which point ice begins transforming into liquid water with absolutely different properties.

Insensate

Mast-Cell

mettlesome

Density functional theory,biting spatial variations of the average one-body distribution function (or simply, the number density) .(.).. An important example of an inhomogeneous system is the liquid-vapor interface. Within the framework of classical statistical mechanics we derived the Kirkwood-Buff formula for the surface t

precede

Real gases,al gases on a satisfactory level?” might seem rather trivial. However, it is not. The simplest thermodynamic description of a real gas can be obtained from the virial expansion, which for low densities one can truncate at the second-order term: . which contains the second virial coefficient .. We kn