Titlebook: Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science; Lorenzo Magnani,Tommaso Bertolotti Book 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017

Buttress

惰性气体

Models and Explanationoratory . model explanation from a genuine . model explanation? Do modelers face tradeoffs such that a model that is optimized for yielding explanatory insight, for example, might fail to be the most predictively accurate, and vice versa? This chapter explores the various answers that have been given to these questions.

Ambiguous

Patterns of Abductive Inferencetroduces several kinds of creative abduction, such as ., ., and .. A demarcation between scientifically fruitful abductions and speculative abductions is proposed, by appeal to two interrelated criteria: . and .. Section . presents applications of abductive inference in the domains of belief revision and instrumental/technological reasoning.

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The Ontology of Modelsorary notions of .. This is followed by a contrast between the syntactic and the semantic views of theories and models and their different stances toward the question of what a model is. Scientists, too, typically operate with tacit assumptions about the ontological status of models: this gives rise

要控制

Models and Simulations to note that the chief distinguishing characteristic between a model and a simulation (model) is that the latter is dynamic. They can be . either as constructed or under a range of experimental conditions. Thus, the broad class of simulation models should be understood as comprising dynamic physica

花争吵

Forms of Abduction and an Inferential Taxonomyf . is taken up and reconstructed as .. Based on this, . and . are introduced as complements of the ordinary forms. All in all, the contribution suggests a taxonomy of inferential reasoning, in which different forms of abduction (as well as deduction and induction) can be systematically accommodated

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