Titlebook: Solidarity and the ‘Refugee Crisis‘ in Europe; Óscar García Agustín,Martin Bak Jørgensen Book 2019 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The A

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Autonomous Solidarity: Hotel City Plaza,efugee Accommodation Center evolved as a concrete practical response to the conditions of asylum seekers in Greece and the lack of responsibility by both the Greek state and the international community in April 2016. In our framework, City Plaza Hotel is an example of autonomous solidarity at local

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Civic Solidarity: Venligboerne,f a ‘national’ solidarity movement/Refugees Welcome movement operating on both national and local levels. The movement insists on a humanitarian approach different from the exclusivist and restrictionist approach taken by the state. The movement also articulates the commonalities between people, ref

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Institutional Solidarity: Barcelona as Refuge City, the city to take in refugees. This plan creates an innovative framework to foster institutional solidarity in which the City Council maintains a contentious relation with the government and tries to cooperate with social entities and organizations. The main goal of the plan is to channel urban soli

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Solidarity as Political Action. Crime or Alternative?,oncluding chapter, we argue that solidarity can be unfolded as a crime or an alternative. In the first case, authorities react against acts of solidarity. In the second case, we argue that civil society tries to overcome the constraints of authorities and through infrastructures of dissent develop s

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institutional solidarity. This framework is applied to three case studies, illustrating the emergence of different forms of solidarity: the City Plaza Hotel in Athens, the Danish “friendly neighbors,” and Barcelona as refuge city.978-3-319-91848-8

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Civic Solidarity: Venligboerne,nd schools as well as a diverse range of voluntary activities. In this chapter, we discuss how civil society becomes part of the ‘refugee crisis’ in daily acts of solidarity constituting a form of civic solidarity.

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Institutional Solidarity: Barcelona as Refuge City,rnment, Barcelona establishes a Spanish Refuge Cities network and develops, together with other European cities, the initiative ‘Solidarity cities’. The underlying idea is to develop a new multilevel governance where the cities take more responsibility.

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