Titlebook: Sociological Theory Beyond the Canon; Syed Farid Alatas,Vineeta Sinha Book 2017 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 class

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,José Rizal (1861–1896),nally productive thinker, unmatched by anyone in Southeast Asia, perhaps even Asia. The construction of a social theory from Rizal’s works can be founded on three aspects of his substantive concerns. Firstly, we have his views on the nature and conditions of colonial society. Secondly, there is Riza

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,Emile Durkheim (1858–1917),e for studying society scientifically. The analysis of capitalist, industrial society that Durkheim advanced was thought-provoking and controversial. Durkheim’s conviction that the emerging modern, industrial society was defined by economic, social, political and moral crises led him to reflect on t

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,Said Nursi (1877–1960), human condition in the modern world, the relationship between religious faith and modern life, and the role of religion in negotiating the tension between tradition and modernity. At the more practical level, one of Nursi’s main objectives was to revive Muslim ethics in a world that had become high

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,Pandita Ramabai Saraswati (1858–1922), and argued that education would raise the status of Hindu women. Ramabai was a social thinker and reformer who valued and advocated freedom of thought and action and worked tirelessly so that equality and progress could be achieved for women. Her critique of Indian and British society was carried i

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,Harriet Martineau (1802–1876),posed social reforms, moving away from theological and religious explanations of sociological phenomena. Sociology for Martineau was neither philosophical speculation nor abstract theorizing but had to have a practical, empirical impact. That is, to enhance knowledge and understanding, produce the necessary social reforms for the greater good.

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,Emile Durkheim (1858–1917), discipline and the canonical status accorded to his writings have both assured longevity and endurance to his theories and texts. Approaching Durkheim in unconventional modes can prompt alternative and novel readings of his theoretical and methodological contributions.