Titlebook: Socialist Economic Development and Reforms; J. Wilczynski Book 1972 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 1972 de

Paraplegia

专横

International Specialization and Trade,up to the early 1950s, when each country strove towards the ideal of self-sufficiency, particularly in industrial production and raw materials. Imports were strictly controlled and limited almost exclusively to industrial equipment and other producer goods, primarily to widen the manufacturing base

健壮

Socialist Reforms and the Capitalist World,ern Europe. Many cynics have taken delight in interpreting the reforms as an admission on the part of Socialism of its defects and an acknowledgement of the superiority of Capitalism by the adoption of several features of the rival system. Some, in their naïveté, have gone even further — depicting t

厨师

Capital Formation and its Efficiency, by a growing capital—output ratio. Yet, owing to the Cold War and ideological considerations and pride, Socialist countries (except to a minor extent Yugoslavia) could not obtain economic aid from the developed Capitalist nations.

石墨

Socialist Reforms and the Capitalist World,ave been able to rise above their ideological prejudices and have embarked upon the adaptation of the system to meet the challenge of the higher stages of economic development and the technological revolution.

易达到

Extensive and Intensive Growth,icy-makers some ten years later.. Extensive growth in its pure form is based on quantitative increases in labour, capital and land, whereas intensive growth is derived from gains in overall productivity, i.e. increasing efficiency of labour and a better utilization of capital and other means of production.

杀人

揭穿真相

rectum

Banking and Finance, be reduced to that of a passive recording and accounting device, to facilitate the administration and control of planned production and distribution, and that it should wither away under ‘full communism’.

疲劳

Enterprise Performance,le, and indeed necessary, that central authorities make all the crucial decisions for individual enterprises. This role of enterprises, as passive and obedient executors of commands from above, fitted quite well into the centralized directive planning and management under which efficiency was of little concern.