Titlebook: Simulation Modeling for Watershed Management; James Westervelt Book 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2001 environment.evaluat

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Perspectives in Ecological Modeling and Simulationf current theories in ecology. A model can be inadequate if it embraces (and therefore facilitates) a single ecological theory. Wu and Loucks (1991) state: “A hierarchical perspective is appropriate and necessary to unify ecological concepts and theories. The unification can be accomplished only by

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Questions Addressed with Single-Discipline Simulation Modelsitions. This chapter takes a more management-centric view and approaches models from sample management decisions and questions. Each section is introduced with a small number of representative questions and decisions, and then identifies how simulation modeling can be effective in addressing those m

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Questions Addressed with Multidiscipline Simulation Modelstive; the best science from a particular academic tradition cannot therefore be tapped for an optimal solution. Consider a situation where flooding concerns must be balanced against ecological goals. Hydrologic models might result in the recommendation that a small dam will help decrease downstream

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Creating New Modelsrue for ecological simulation modeling. Instead of adopting a simulation model that is parameterized for a local watershed, simulation model development environments are used to develop a locally explicit model. Figure 7.1 compares modeling environments and models. Software models, such as those dis

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Coordinating Large-Scale, Interdisciplinary Watershed Modelingdels. This is not yet common because the opportunity is relatively unknown, the development of serious models for supporting land and water management requires a multidisciplinary and multistakeholder effort, and often the models must be developed to address local requirements. Because natural syste

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Analyzing Alternativesdel has been created and/or adopted to assist in a watershed management decision. Effective natural resource management involves the comparison of alternative management plans and scenarios. Opinions of local citizens and scientists, outputs of discipline-specific models, and results from large mult

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Who Develops and Runs the Models?c community is ultimately responsible for the definition of many of the dynamics that drive simulation models. Hence, the first approach is to have the scientists run and interpret the models. The second is a two-tiered simulation modeling approach in which scientific models are used to set variable

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Model Evaluation Guidelinesut of different academic traditions, how to approach model creation and applications, and modeling costs and benefits. While many models and modeling environments have been listed and cursorily reviewed, they have not been formally reviewed. Evaluation must be based on the particular needs and const