Titlebook: Severe Behavior Disorders in the Mentally Retarded; Nondrug Approaches t Rowland P. Barrett Book 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New Y

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Behavior Modification,ions of punishment: one definition is espoused by the professional community (i. e., behavioral clinicians and researchers), and one definition is promulgated by the lay community. The lay definition refers to any stimulus considered unpleasant to most people in our society. Thus, shouting, spanking

Ingenuity

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wall-stress

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杀死

Counseling and Psychotherapy,e history of this topic is replete with claims and counterclaims. Some authors (e. g., Clark, 1933), considering mental retardation as an example of the regression to the fetal stage, view clients as potentially capable of responding to psychoanalytic therapy. Others (e. g., Rogers, 1942) consider c

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elucidate

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Direct Care Staff Training,ings. Institutions have been a principal service provider for mentally retarded individuals in the United States since the mid 1800s (Maloney & Ward, 1979) and are likely to continue to be a significant source of service and training. As an example of the role of institutions in service provision, a

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Strategies for Evaluating Treatment Effectiveness, and its role in the determination of treatment effectiveness. Simply put, the empirical model involves a quantifiable or data-based approach to clinical decision making that is heavily weighted by . observation and yields information that is . through replication. It is unfortunate that within many