Titlebook: Sensory Science and Chronic Diseases; Clinical Implication Paule Valery Joseph,Valerie Buzas Duffy Textbook 2021 This is a U.S. government

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Taste and Smell Alterations and Substance Use Disordersity of taste and smell alterations as a consequence of substance use disorders. We also discussed the effect of these substances on neural mechanisms associated with chemosensory coding and modulation.

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sensory research as well as students and postdoctoral fellows. Example of courses are nutrition, basic nursing, interdisciplinary health courses, sensory perception (psychology), neuroscience, and medical courses, dentistry, food science and others. .978-3-030-86284-8978-3-030-86282-4

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Measurement of Olfaction: Screening and Assessmentres that can be used to investigate the sense of smell, provide an analysis of pros and cons in different situations, and report the clinical scenarios in which the tests have been used. We argue for the use of smell testing in routine clinical practice across developmental stages, in particular using cost-effective, and time-sensitive methods.

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Measurement of Olfaction: Screening and Assessmentd, as a result, it does not receive the attention necessary to avoid negative clinical outcomes. Appropriately investigating the sense of smell allows us to identify early indicators for the presence of disease, as well as mapping the course of disease. Here, we review screening and assessment measu