Titlebook: Self-Organizing Systems; 7th IFIP TC6 Intern Wilfried Elmenreich,Falko Dressler,Vittorio Loreto Conference proceedings 2014 IFIP Internati

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along the path of the electron beam. A small, positive potential is normally applied to the repeller and causes the ions to drift toward the exit slit and into the ion gun and the analyzer. A typical source is shown in Fig. 1. Under ordinary operating conditions, the pressure in the ion source is o

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Barry Laffoy,Saraansh Dave,Mahesh Sooriyabandaraveral years photoionization techniques have been applied to this area of research. The experimental techniques of photoionization are generally more difficult to apply than those of electron impact, but have certain strong advantages in the ability to provide more precisely characterized preparation

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Marco Conti,Matteo Mordacchini,Andrea Passarella,Liudmila Rozanovae is, however, no general agreement on a definition of the limits of the term chemiionization in the sense that we can say this or that reaction is or is not a chemiionization process. Thus Berry,. in a recent review, includes in the term “all the processes that result in the formation of free charg

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Takuya Iwai,Naoki Wakamiya,Masayuki Muratae is, however, no general agreement on a definition of the limits of the term chemiionization in the sense that we can say this or that reaction is or is not a chemiionization process. Thus Berry,. in a recent review, includes in the term “all the processes that result in the formation of free charg

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Michael Meadows,Dave Clifft developments in the exciting field of ion-selective electrodes in analytical chemistry. In this volume, in addition to the exciting applications of ISE‘S to biochemistry systems represented by the description of enzyme electrodes, there is featured the most recent development in ISE‘S, namely, the

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Lorenzo Pucci,Pietro Gravino,Vito D. P. Servediot developments in the exciting field of ion-selective electrodes in analytical chemistry. In this volume, in addition to the exciting applications of ISE‘S to biochemistry systems represented by the description of enzyme electrodes, there is featured the most recent development in ISE‘S, namely, the

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